Is There a Future Subjunctive in Spanish

The future subjunctive is the most elusive verb tense of Spanish. It isnt mentioned in many textbooks for Spanish students, and its absent from most conjugation tables. But it still is understood by many Spanish speakers and finds occasional use. Verb Form Has Disappeared From Everyday Use Much like verb forms such as wanteth and saith in English, the future subjunctive in Spanish is all but obsolete. Youre extremely unlikely to hear it used in everyday speech; the only times youre likely to come across it are in literature, in some legal language, in especially flowery language, and in a few phrases such as Venga lo que viniere (come what may, or, literally, what is coming is what will come) or Adà ³nde fueres haz lo que vieres (wherever you go, do what you see, or,  roughly, when in Rome do what the Romans do). It is fairly common in plays from the Golden Age, so it appears that at one time it was used in both speech and writing. But today it has all but disappeared. Fortunately, if you ever have the occasion where you need to know the future subjunctive, its fairly easy to learn if you already know the r form (the more common form) of the imperfect subjunctive. The -ra- in the imperfect subjunctive ending is replaced by -re-, so the future subjunctive forms of hablar, for example, are hablare, hablares, hablare, hablà ¡remos, hablareis and hablaren. Generally, today the present subjunctive is used for both present and future tenses where the subjunctive mood would otherwise be called for. Thus, in a sentence such as espero que me dà © un regalo (I hope she will give me a present) or no creo que venga (I dont believe hell come), the present subjunctive (dà © and venga) is used even though were talking about an event that might happen in the future. You have no need to learn the future subjunctive for  competent use of the language, just as the foreign learner of English typically has no need to learn the verb forms of Shakespeare or the King James Version of the Bible. Future Subjunctive in Literature In literature, the future subjunctive is often used in clauses following si (if) and cuando (when), such as in si tuvieres mucho, da con abundancia (if you have much, give generously). In those cases now wed usually use the present indicative with si and the present subjunctive with cuando. In current legal usage, where the future subjunctive is most common today, the form is used mostly in cases involving an indefinite person (translated one who or he who) as in el que hubiere reunido mayorà ­a absoluta de votos serà ¡ proclamado Presidente de la Repà ºblica (the one who receives an absolute majority of votes will be proclaimed president of the Republic). Sample Sentences Using the Future Subjunctive Lo que hablares lo hablarà ¡s a bulto. (What you speak you will speak without thinking. This is literary use; in modern Spanish, the future subjunctive would be replaced by the present subjunctive.) Ésta es la ley para el que hubiere tenido plaga de lepra, y no tuviere mà ¡s para su purificacià ³n. (This is the law for the one who has leprosy and who doesnt have the means for getting purified. The is from an old translation of the Bible; in modern versions, the present subjunctive is used in both instances.) No pueden ser tutores las personas de mala conducta o que no tuvieren manera de vivir conocida. (Persons of ill conduct or those who have no known means of support cannot be legal guardians. This is legal language taken from current regulations in Spain.) En los establecimientos que vendieren otros productos, solo permitirà ¡n la entrada a los menores con el fin de que compren otros productos diferentes a los licores. (In establishments that sell other products, the entry of minors will be permitted only if they are buying products other than liquors. This is excerpt from current Costa Rican regulations.) Key Takeaways Much like obsolete verb forms found in English literature from Shakespeares day, the Spanish future subjunctive is a verb form that once was common but is no longer has everyday use.In modern Spanish, the future subjunctive has been replaced by the present subjunctive, although the future subjunctive still has some formal legal usage.The future subjunctive is conjugated in the same way as the imperfect subjunctive, except that the -ra- in the ending becomes -re-.

Mrs. Dalloway, By Virginia Woolf - 1498 Words

During World War One, many societal norms were disrupted and thrown aside. Everything was displaced, including gender roles.With people dying in trenches everyday, a woman’s place in the kitchen became a secondary concern. World War One was a time of progressive change–however, this change was only temporary. Both One of Ours, written by Willa Cather, and Mrs. Dalloway, written by Virginia Woolf, take place during this era. Despite being set during a time of supposed progress for women’s rights, the roles that women are expected to fulfill in these texts are still oppressive.Examining these novels, it becomes apparent that the roles of women did not change as a result of the war. In fact, Enid, in One of Ours, and Mrs. Dalloway, in Mrs.†¦show more content†¦The men returned home and soon returned to their original jobs. Marsha Gordon further writes, â€Å"Once again using the ploys of patriotism, women were expected to return to pre-war standards for wo men’s labour without questioning the patriarchal ideology behind this assumption† (85). The progress of women’s rights ended abruptly when the soldiers came back to resume their old lives. Progressively, the main thing to come out of World War One for women was the passing of the 19th Amendment in 1920, three years after World War One (Hughes, 1). It wasn’t until World War Two that women s roles truly became redefined. In the novel One of Ours, Enid Wheeler is a headstrong and determined character, going against women s traditional roles during the early 1900s. Early on in One of Ours, Enid shows that she does not uphold the traditional values forced on many women. For instance, when a thunderstorm appears while Enid and Claude are driving, Claude stops, wanting to wait out the storm. Enid takes the driver’s seat from Claude and maneuvers them through the storm (111-114). Enid is not afraid to step up and assume a position of authority. Critic Ryan M., writer of â€Å"No Woman’s Land: Gender in Willa Cather’s One of Ours,† writes that â€Å"Enid assumes the active male role, intruding herself into his sickroom, courting him with flowers, beating him at chess†(page ?). By actively seeking Claude out, whether as a friend or for romantic interest, Enid isShow MoreRelatedMrs. Dalloway By Virginia Woolf1443 Words   |  6 PagesMrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf examine s the lives of a group of socialites in post World War I England. Clarissa Dalloway spent her life suffering from anxiety but was devoted to hiding it from the world. Septimus struggled with shell shock, or post-traumatic stress disorder, that no one could help him with. These people were not only characters in Virginia Woolf’s story, but also a representation of what had been going on in Woolf’s life. She used her own struggle with mental illness as inspirationRead MoreMrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf1696 Words   |  7 PagesIn the novel Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, the author uses narrative techniques of stream of consciousness and interior monologue in order to depict the workings of an â€Å"ordinary† or normal mind in narrative form. She also rejects the conventional structure of ‘chapters’ in order to give an â€Å"ordinary† portrayal of the mind. This essay will firstly contextualise the extract for analysis, namely the opening scene in the novel. This will be followed by defining the narrative techniques that is depictedRead MoreMrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf 1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe psychological effect the city environment has on both, the characters and authors, can be seen in Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway and T.S.Elliot’s the wasteland. The lack of unity of Elliot’s text has lead critics to feel the writing is far too fragmented: My nerves are bad to-night. Yes, bad. Stay with me. Speak to me. Why do you never speak? Speak. What are you thinking of? What thinking? What. I never know what you are thinking. Think. (TWL: 110) However, as Gareth Reeves suggests in theRead MoreMrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf981 Words   |  4 Pagestimes are set in unison to each other, as time is always relative to an observer. But what happens when the times of the external and internal differ? In the novel Mrs. Dalloway by Virginia Woolf, Woolf begins to explore this question through her unique writing style of free indirect discourse to travel forward and back in time, as Woolf narrates freely through the thoughts and memories of each character. With each half-hour and hourly strike of Big Ben in the heart of London, the clock serves asRead MoreMrs. Dalloway, By Virginia Woolf1507 Words   |  7 Pages Both One of Ours, written by Willa Cather, and Mrs. Dalloway, written by Virginia Woolf, take place around World War One. Despite taking place around World War One, a time associated with progress, there is not a stark contrast in the roles that women were expected to fulfill. Examining these novels, it becomes app arent that the roles of women did not change as a result of the war. In fact, Enid, in One of Ours, and Mrs. Dalloway, in Mrs. Dalloway, exist in an unchanged, oppressive society despiteRead MoreMrs. Dalloway By Virginia Woolf751 Words   |  4 PagesMrs.Dalloway, written by Virginia Woolf in 1925 is about a day in the life of Clarissa Dalloway as she gets ready to host a party that evening. Mrs.Dalloway is a stream of consciousness story and the readers get a chance to know not only Clarissa’s though but also other character that have very different lifestyles and social/economic status from Clarissa. The story closely tracks Clarissa, Septimus Warren Smith, Peter Walsh, Miss Kilman and a few other characters. Throughout the day the differentRead MoreMrs. Dalloway By Virginia Woolf1322 Words   |  6 PagesIn the book Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf, it is evident that the main character, Clarissa Dalloway, double persona is Septimus Smith. While Clarissa proves to be more rational, Septimus is irrational. Clarissa shows optimism with her life and finding her true identity while Septimus is someone who experiencing insanity and madness. Although she never meets him and their lives are vastly different, the two characters actually mirror each other. Clarissa and Septimus share many characteristicsRead MoreVirginia Woolf s Mrs. Dalloway1234 Words   |  5 PagesVirginia Woolf’s renowned novel, Mrs. Dalloway, published in 1925, is a major literary achievement because of the narrative style in which Woolf rejects the traditional structures of Victorian fiction for the more progressive Modernist era. The entire novel spans one day in a post-First World War England. In Mrs. Dalloway, the reality of the novel is constructed through the minds of the characters rather than the conventional patriarchal â€Å"I.† Woolf replaces the single master perspective with an inclusiveRead MoreDepression In Mrs. Dalloway, By Virginia Woolf1539 Words   |  7 PagesIn â€Å"Mrs. Dalloway,† Virginia Woolf highlights different experiences of everyday suffering after World War I. Septimus Smith, a veteran of World War I, loses his identity during his tour. Clarissa Dalloway and Lucrezia Warren Smith are both suffering as a result of society’s expectations; they both lose their individuality and succumb to their husbands. Many people did not know how to cope with the change of perspective after the war; some people tried different forms of treatment, while others choseRead MoreAnalysis Of Mrs. Dalloway By Virginia Woolf1279 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Beautiful, complex, incisive†¦. One of the most moving, revolutionary artworks of the twentieth century† (Michael Cunningham) Mrs. Dalloway, by Virginia Woolf is not only a book that entertains millions, like Stephanie Meyer’s Twilight, J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, or E. L. James’s Fifty Shades of Grey, bu t it is a work of literature that revolutionized the art of writing, which continues to influence people’s philosophies, beliefs, and views on life— even roughly after

Business Research Methodology for Growth - myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Research Methodology for Growth and Success. Answer: Background To The Research Problem In the modern era, effective management of human resources is essential for growth and success of organizations. Nowadays, employees are considered as the most significant and most valuable assets of an enterprise. It can be stated that skilled and talented personnel's directly supported a business to gain a competitive advantage over other companies in the marketplaces. At present, the competition among firms operating in the hospitality industry has become so intense that it is no longer easy for hotels such as Hilton, Four Seasons, and InterContinental, etc. to attract new customers and retain the old ones(Mowday, Porter, Steers, 2013). To sustain in the highly competitive marketplace, these businesses are required to emphasize on effective management of their human resources. Furthermore, effective and skilled employees can understand changing customer needs and demand in the best possible manner. Over the past few years, increasing rate of employee turnover has emerged as the most significant issues for brands such as Hilton Hotel Sydney. The overall operations and function of the hotel are getting adversely affected because of the staff turnover. At the same time, the volume of sales revenue and profits has also declined to a great extent(Stone, 2013). The demand of talented and skilled workers in the hospitality industry of Australia is very high. On the other side of this, the supply of human resources in the industry is not adequate. It can be stated, increasing staff turnover in such situation can be a severe issue for Hilton Hotel Sydney. The present study will outline the significance of effective human resource management practices in the modern era. In addition to this, this research will help in identification of the key factors which has increased the rate of staff turnover within Hilton Hotel Sydney. Proposed Aim And Objective Aim To identify the reasons behind increasing rate of staff turnover A study on Hilton Hotel Sydney Objectives To analyse the importance of effective human resources management practices in the present scenario To determine the key factors that increases rate of staff turnover To recommend ways through which Hilton Hotel Sydney can reduce its staff turnover Literature Review The significance of human resources management practices In simpler terms, human resources management can be defined as the process in which various plans and strategies are developed by organizations to manage employees and direct their efforts towards the accomplishment of common goals and objectives(Meyer Xin, 2017). A team of skilled and competent staff members cannot be developed if the human resources management practices are not sufficient within a business enterprise. The process of human resources management consists of the different functions such as training and development, recruitment and selection, performance management, rewards, and appraisals, etc. In the context of service industry such as hospitality, the role of employees or staff members becomes more vital(Palanski, Avey, Jiraporn, 2014). The rationale behind this is that in the hospitality industry, the workers come in direct contact with the customers at the time of delivering products and services. A team of talented and skilled employees can provide management with valuable information about changing customer need and demand. Nowadays, businesses in the hospitality industry of Australia are focusing more on implementing training and development programs. The primary objective of these programs is to enhance the existing knowledge base and skill set of employees. It can be stated that hotels can generate high revenues by delivering fast, accurate and satisfactory services to customers through trained staff(Marchington, Wilkinson, Donnelly, Kynighou, 2016). On the other side of this, it can be critically argued that organizations such as hotels, resorts, and restaurants are now investing a considerable amount of efforts and resources in training programs. Furthermore, these programs are only beneficial if businesses can maintain a low rate of employee turnover. The hospitality industry of Australia is going through a very challenging phase, and the primary concern here for organizations is increasing rate of employee turnover. For hotels such as Hilton, Four Seasons, InterContinental, Park Hyatt, Southern Ocean Lodge, Saffire Freycinet, etc. it has become crucial to retain staff members in the long run. These businesses are required to develop and implement effective strategies which can support in retaining employees in the best possible manner(Qureshi, Iftikhar, Abbas, Hassan, Khan, Zaman, 2013). The importance of employee retention is that it will help in enhancing the overall productivity and performance of staff members. In addition to this, employee retention strategies also play a vital role in enhancing the overall morale and motivational level of workers. The key factors that increase rate of staff turnover Increasing rate of staff turnover can be termed as a grave threat to overall growth and long-term sustainability of organizations. Furthermore, increasing turnover also indicates that the staff members working in a hotel are highly dissatisfied with their job roles and activities. In the modern era, the employer should not neglect increases rate of staff turnover, and it is also suggested that this issue should be taken very seriously(Hausknecht Holwerda, 2013). Hiring employees and investing resources in training them is a very challenging task. However, businesses start suffering from massive losses when these workers stats resigning from their jobs. Lack of growth and development opportunities within hotels can be termed as the most common factor behind increases rate of staff turnover. Employees are no longer interested in staying within an organization in situations when they witness that their growth has become stable. Every staff members require adequate opportunity of growth, development and it is the responsibility of the employer to provide the same. On the other hand, it can be critically argued that workplace conflicts, ineffective leadership, and poor working conditions are some other factors responsible for increases rate of staff turnover(Sparrow, Brewster, Chung, 2016) Poor working conditions result in creating a high degree of dissatisfaction among people working in an organization. At the same time, the overall productivity and performance of staff members also get hampered because of poor working conditions. In the service industry, ineffective leadership can be termed as a most crucial factor which contributes to the increases rate of staff turnover(Ketchen Jr, Crook, Todd, Combs, Woehr, 2017). Majority of the hotels and businesses prefer to operate with autocratic style of leadership wherein all the decisions are made by the top management and views of employees are not taken into consideration. The result of this is that high degree of dissatisfaction is created among workers and they also start feeling undervalued(Mahajan, 2015). It can be stated that such kind of conditions encourages employees to quit their job and seek for better job opportunities. Other than this, conflicts and disputes among workers at regular intervals is another factor which creates obstacles in retention of staff members. In todays corporate era, the majority of the businesses operating in hospitality industry fail to develop and implement effective strategies to resolve workplace conflicts(Cristiani Peir, 2015). It can be expressed that a negative working environment is established because of disputes and conflicts among workers. Such kind of situation force employees to switch their job and thus, increases the overall rate of staff turnover. Consequences of high employee turnover rate Increasing rate of employee turnover is a serious issue for businesses operating in the service industry. It can be expressed that areas such as customer service can be adversely affected by increasing turnover rate(Zopiatis, Constanti, Theocharous, 2014). The rationale behind this is that increasing turnover results in a shortage of staff member within an enterprise. Furthermore, businesses are not able to deliver effective, accurate and satisfactory services to customers due to the shortage of workers. Organizations can face difficulties in terms of attracting new customers and retaining the old ones. Apart from this, the overall productivity and performance of existing employees can be affected because of high employee turnover rate. This can be justified by the fact that high turnover results in increasing the number of inexperienced people within organization. Thus, companies face difficulties in achieving desired goals and objectives(Call, Nyberg, Ployhart, Weekley, 2015). Reduction in return on investment, deteriorating service quality, negative working environment and low workplace morale are some other consequences of increasing rate of employee turnover. Proposed Methodology Research design It can be stated that research design is that overall strategy which is used with an objective to structure the entire research appropriately. Exploratory, descriptive, case study, casual, experimental, etc. are some key designs which are being used while conducting a study(Taylor, Bogdan, DeVault, 2015). To identify the reasons behind increasing rate of staff turnover within Hilton Hotel Sydney, exploratory research design will be employed. Here, the researcher will be looking forward to exploring the reasons which have increased the overall employee turnover rate within the selected business enterprise. The key benefit of using exploratory research design is that it will help in increasing the understanding of topic under investigation. Data collection The process of data collection includes a selection of appropriate sources from where reliable and accurate information can be gathered for conducting the study. Here, the research will be completed by using secondary sources such as books and journals. On the other hand, the expert interview will be used as a source of collecting primary information. Sampling - The researcher will be using purposive sampling technique which is a part of the non-probabilistic sampling method. Here, the sample will be managers of Hilton Hotel Sydney and the sample size will be ten managers. Data analysis technique To carry out the study on identifying the reasons behind increasing rate of staff turnover within Hilton Hotel Sydney, the qualitative technique of data analysis will be used. The main reason behind using this technique is that it will help in carrying out in-depth and detailed analysis of the information collected from various sources. Furthermore, the data gathered will be presented with the help of different charts, graphs, and tables. The evaluation of data will be carried out by using thematic technique of data analysis. Ethical consideration Ethics are considered as the most crucial area of research as ethics helps in differentiating between what is right and what is wrong(Flick, 2015). To conduct the present study in ethical form, the researcher will ensure that all respondents are taking voluntary participation in the study. In addition to this, informed consent is another area which the researcher will focus up-on. The researcher will also ensure that the aim, objective, purpose, and risk of study are well communicated to all participants. At the same time, the identity of all respondents will be kept confidential and third party will not be allowed to access the results of the present study. Limitations Research limitations can be defined as those factors which influence a study and are beyond the control of a researcher(Mackey Gass, 2015). At the time of conducting a study on identifying the reasons behind increasing rate of staff turnover within Hilton Hotel Sydney, sample size, availability of reliable data and access to information will be the significant limitations which the researcher will face. It can be stated that due to limited time and resources, the sample size will be restricted to only ten managers. The impact of this can be directly observed on overall findings of research. Apart from this, limited access to employee turnover rate of Hilton Hotel Sydney will be another limitation of this study. The secondary sources also contain insufficient data on a topic which is increasing rate of employee turnover within hospitality industry of Australia. References Call, M. L., Nyberg, A. J., Ployhart, R. E., Weekley, J. (2015). The dynamic nature of collective turnover and unit performance: the impact of time, quality, and replacements. . Academy of Management Journal , 1208-1232. Cristiani, A., Peir, J. M. (2015). Human resource function strategic role and trade unions: exploring their impact on human resource management practices in Uruguayan firms. . The International Journal of Human Resource Management , 381-400. Flick, U. (2015). Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. California: Sage. Hausknecht, J. P., Holwerda, J. A. (2013). When does employee turnover matter? Dynamic member configurations, productive capacity, and collective performance. Organization Science , 210-225. Ketchen Jr, D. J., Crook, T. R., Todd, S. Y., Combs, J. G., Woehr, D. J. (2017). Managing Human Capital. . The Oxford Handbook of Strategy Implementation, , 283. Mackey, A., Gass, S. M. (2015). Second language research: Methodology and design. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. Mahajan, J. P. (2015). Managing Human Resources. . Noida: Vikas Publishing House. Marchington, M., Wilkinson, A., Donnelly, R., Kynighou, A. (2016). Human resource management at work. . London: Kogan Page Publishers. Meyer, K. E., Xin, K. R. (2017). Managing talent in emerging economy multinationals: Integrating strategic management and human resource management. . The International Journal of Human Resource Management , 11-15. Mowday, R. T., Porter, L. W., Steers, R. M. (2013). Employeeorganization linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover. Academic press: Massachusetts. Palanski, M., Avey, J. B., Jiraporn, N. (2014). The effects of ethical leadership and abusive supervision on job search behaviors in the turnover process . Journal of Business Ethics , 135-146. Qureshi, M. I., Iftikhar, M., Abbas, S. G., Hassan, U., Khan, K., Zaman, K. (2013). Relationship between job stress, workload, environment and employees turnover intentions: What we know, what should we know. . World Applied Sciences Journal , 764-770. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C., Chung, C. (2016). Globalizing human resource management. . Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. Stone, R. J. (2013). Managing human resources. . Milton QLD: John Wiley Sons Australia. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M. (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource . New Jersey: John Wiley Sons. Zopiatis, A., Constanti, P., Theocharous, A. L. (2014). Job involvement, commitment, satisfaction and turnover: Evidence from hotel employees in Cyprus. . Tourism Management , 129-140.